THE History of ICAO , EASA & SUB -BODIES
ICAO
the International Civil Aviation Organization, a particular
agency of United Nations. It was formed after the Convention on International Civil Aviation (the
Chicago Convention) of 1944 was ratified in 1947. The opinion of ICAO is
according to the gathering:
WHEREAS the international
civil aviation can considerably developed their future to help create and safeguard friendship and considerate
between the nations and peoples of the universe, yet its mistreatment can
become a threat to the general security; andWHEREAS it is enviable
to avoid friction and to endorse that co-operation between statess and peoples
upon which the harmony of the universe depends;THEREFORE, the undersigned
states having approved on definite rules and arrangements in order that
international civil aviation may be developed in a safe and sound and orderly mode
and that international air transport services may be recognized on the root of
equality of chance and operated soundly and economically;Have accordingly accomplished this Convention to that end.Within ICAO, the
191 Member States and a number of worldwide aviation organizations work
together to build up international Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs).
These SARPs are the indication for states developing their national civil
aviation regulations which are legally enforceable. This is an vital aspect:
ICAO SARPs are not legally necessary by themselves, they form the basis of
national regulations which have legal category.
In this way civil
aviation regulations are synchronized all over the world, with small
differences based on the actual performance in national regulations. These
local differences are next reported back to ICAO and published
Role of EASA
EASA was created on 15 July 2002.
• Assist the European Commission in preparing EU legislation, and overseeing its application and its uniform understanding
• Issue Certificates: Type Certificate(TCs), Supplemental Type Certificate(STCs), EASA Technical Standard Order(ETSOs)
• Issue Airworthiness Directives
• Issue Design Organisation Approvals
• Competent Authority for NON-EU Organisations.
• Issue Maintenance Organisation Approval (MOA) for EU organisations
• Issue Product Organisation Approval (POA) for EU organisations
• Issue Part 147 approvals and licences
• Issue Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A)
• Competent Authority for local organisations
Member State - Consists of European Union countries..
• Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg,
• The Netherlands………………………………………….…1950s
• Denmark, Ireland, the United Kingdom……………....…1973
• Greece……………………………………………………...….1981
• Portugal, Spain…………………………………….…………1986
• Austria, Finland, Sweden…………………………………...1995
• Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,
• Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovak Republic, Slovenia….2004
• Romania, Bulgaria…………………………………………....2007
• Turkey………………………………………………….... ?
1st June 2005 Norway and Iceland (NON-EU) have participated in the Agency .
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The History of JAA.
The
Joint Aviation Authorities, or JAA, was an associated body of the ECAC
representing the civil aviation regulatory authorities of a number of European
States who had agreed to co-operate in developing and implementing common
safety regulatory standards and procedures. It was not a regulatory body,
regulation being achieved through the member authorities.
In
implementing the so-called FUJA Report, the JAA had entered into a new phase as
of 1 January 2007. In this new phase the former "JAA" had become
"JAA T" (Transition). JAA T consisted of a Liaison Office (JAA LO)
and a Training Office (JAA TO). The offices of JAA LO were located in the
premises of European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) inCologne, Germany.
The
JAA started as the Joint Airworthiness Authorities in 1970. Originally, its
objectives were only to produce common certification codes for large aeroplanes
and for engines in order to meet the needs of European industry and
international consortia (e.g., Airbus). After 1987 its work was extended to
operations, maintenance, licensing and certification/design standards for all
classes of aircraft.
The
adoption of the Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 by the European Parliament and the
Council of the European Union (EU) and the subsequent establishment of the
EASAcreated a Europe-wide regulatory authority which has absorbed most
functions of the JAA (in the EASA Members states). With the introduction of the
EASA some non-EU members of the JAA became non-voting members of the EASA,
while others were completely excluded from the legislative and executive
process.[1] Among the functions transferred is safety and environmental
type-certification of aircraft, engines and parts and approval. Additional
responsibilities have been subsequently added over time.
In
2009, JAA was disbanded. Only the training organisation, JAA-TO, remains.
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